New York ? After huge immigration protests earlier this year, advocates vowed to capitalize on the energy and register 1 million new foreign-born voters, mostly Hispanics.

But rhetoric has run headlong into reality: Organizers say that, as of last week, they had signed up fewer than 150,000 people.

Advocates’ experiences show that cultivating new voters is tough, plodding work, and that developing Latino power will rely not on street protests but on the group becoming more politically engaged as it gets older.

“People were waving signs – ‘Today we march, tomorrow we vote’ – but that may not be something that’s literally tomorrow,” said Lionel Sosa, a Republican political strategist who is chief executive officer of Mexicans & Americans Thinking Together, a Web-based nonprofit. “It will be slow, but eventually everyone running for political office will understand that this is a vote to be reckoned with.”

This spring, immigrants demonstrated nationwide, sparked by a House bill that would have made it a felony to be in the country illegally. The Senate’s immigration bill left that provision out and the two chambers failed to reach a compromise.

Gladys Prieto, left, a home health care attendant from Ecuador who lives in Queens, N.Y., leans over her husband, Jaime Prieto, as he fills out her New York State Voter Registration Form following a naturalization ceremony where she became a United States citizen last month. After huge immigration protests earlier this year, advocates vowed to register 1 million new foreign-born voters, mostly Hispanics. But organizers say that, as of last week, they had signed up fewer than 150,000 people.

Immigrants’ advocates seized on momentum from the protests and organized what they called Democracy Summer. They pledged to register 1 million new foreign-born voters by next week’s election – and another 2 million before the presidential contest in 2008.

But Germonique Jones, spokeswoman for the Center for Community Change, an umbrella organization of some of the nation’s biggest immigrants groups, said the total is roughly 146,000.

By all accounts, simply finding 1 million eligible new voters in just a few months would have been tough. More than one in three of the nation’s 42 million-plus Hispanics are age 17 or younger, 2005 Census data show – too young to vote. And some portion of that population, no one is sure how many, includes illegal immigrants.

Plus, organizers said, many newcomers lack basic civics information. Some barely understand the nation’s political system – its structure, rules and history – how and where to vote, and how to sort through political rhetoric to choose candidates. Some don’t know that they can ask for election information in foreign languages, that voting is free or that the U.S. has elaborate voter protection laws.

Jones said the push now is to build “a culture of participation.” Her group is testing a sort of civics class for immigrants in five states with plans to send it out to more states early next year. “It’s a democracy school,” she said. “People are hungry for it.”