photo by: Mackenzie Clark/Journal-World Graphic

Chart: Admissions of Douglas County youths to juvenile detention center by race, 2010-2018. Source: Douglas County Criminal Justice Services

In 2017, African American youths outnumbered white youths in admissions to the juvenile detention center of Douglas County, where the population is 83.5% white.

That year, the Douglas County youths admitted to the JDC were approximately 41% white, 49.5% African American, 6.7% Native American and 2.9% Asian. In 2018, the percentages were roughly 48%, 44.9%, 5.5% and 1.6%, respectively, according to numbers from Pam Weigand, director of Douglas County Criminal Justice Services.

Those statistics stood out to County Commissioner Patrick Kelly during a Wednesday work session on juvenile criminal justice services. He asked Weigand to provide some background on that and what staff is doing to help lessen the racial disparities.

“I do remind people that we don’t actually go out in the streets for clientele — they come to us through law enforcement, the courts,” Weigand said. “We don’t actually go out, select our own folks, so we don’t control who we serve, but what we want to do is to make sure whoever we’re serving, we’re serving well.”

Disparities by the numbers

The JDC admits youths who are alleged juvenile offenders, or JOs, and those involved in child in need of care, or CINC, cases. Not all of the youths admitted to the JDC have been charged with crimes.

In the past few years, the number of CINC admissions has increased significantly. For instance, in 2015, CINC cases constituted just 7% of JDC admissions. In 2017, JO admissions constituted 74.8%, and CINC 25.2%; in 2018, JO admissions constituted 30.5%, and CINC 69.5%, according to numbers from Weigand.

The average daily population of the JDC is fairly small: it dropped from about 11.8 in 2017 to 7.9 in 2018, a 33% decrease. However, for youth of color, the average rose from 3.74 to 4.67 in 2018 — an increase of 24.9%.

Data from 2010 through 2018 shows that the number of Douglas County youths admitted to the JDC has fallen most years. From 2011 to 2012, the number of admissions fell by about half, from 207 to 104; in 2014, it jumped back up to 160, but it has declined since.

photo by: Mackenzie Clark/Journal-World Graphic

Douglas County youths admitted to juvenile detention center by race: Charts compare averages from 2010-2014 and 2014-2018. Source: Douglas County Criminal Justice Services

Throughout those years, the ratios of white youths to youths of color admitted to JDC have fluctuated. The average from 2010 through 2018 shows Douglas County youths admitted to JDC have been about 58.7% white, 32.6% African American, 7.4% Native American and 1.3% Asian, according to numbers from Weigand’s presentation.

However, split down the middle into averages for 2010-2014 and 2014-2018, the data shows that the disproportionalities are growing. The 2010 admissions averages were 65.5% white youths, 26.6% African American youths, 6.97% Native American youths and .9% Asian youths. For 2014-2018, those averages were 50.26%, 40.04%, 7.94% and 1.76%, respectively.

According to the latest Census data, Douglas County’s population as a whole is 78.3% white alone (not Hispanic or Latino), 6.4% Hispanic or Latino, 4.6% African American, 2.7% American Indian and Alaska Native, 5.1% Asian, .1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander and 4.1% two or more races.

Another statistic from Weigand’s presentation is the average length of stay, or ALOS, in the JDC. From 2017 to 2018, the ALOS for all Douglas County juvenile admissions fell from 31.95 days to 22.62. However, for youth of color, the ALOS rose from 18.97 to 22.45, an increase of 18.3%.

As the Journal-World reported Thursday, Weigand said Douglas County’s is a regional JDC. It serves 12 other counties in addition to Douglas, including Lyon and Miami, Weigand said in an email response to follow-up questions from the Journal-World. The data here reflects only Douglas County admissions to JDC.

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Chart: Admissions of Douglas County youths to juvenile detention center by race, 2010-2018. Mackenzie Clark/Journal-World Graphic; Source: Douglas County Criminal Justice Services

‘We know we’ have a problem

In 2011, Douglas County signed on to the Annie E. Casey Foundation’s Detention Alternatives Initiative. The foundation is a Baltimore-based nonprofit that, in part, aims to improve outcomes for youths who become involved in the juvenile justice system, according to its website at aecf.org.

Weigand said that foundation looked at issues such as disproportionate minority contact and case processing. However, the numbers of the JDC population are small, compared with other facilities, Weigand said. In 2017, 52 African American youths, 43 white youths, seven Native American youths and three Asian youths were admitted to JDC. In 2018, the numbers were 57, 61, seven and two, respectively.

“They just look at us and think we don’t have a problem,” Weigand said. “We know we do, but it’s on a much smaller scale.”

In recent years, the county has ordered studies to try to determine the reasons for racial disparities in the population of the Douglas County Jail, which serves adults.

Among them is one that Weigand mentioned during the Wednesday work session: a law enforcement contact study that is currently underway.

As the Journal-World has reported, law enforcement officers from the Baldwin City, Eudora, Lawrence and University of Kansas police departments and the Douglas County Sheriff’s Office are currently tracking the perceived races and ethnicities of drivers and pedestrians they stop, as well as the outcomes of those interactions.

Juveniles are included in that study, which over a two-year period will aim to determine what disproportionalities and biases exist and provide steps of action going forward.

As mentioned above, Weigand said Criminal Justice Services does not decide whom it serves; rather, that department handles cases brought by the courts, law enforcement and the Kansas Department for Children and Families. Among others present at the work session were Douglas County District Attorney Charles Branson and the county’s Criminal Justice Coordinator Robert Bieniecki, but neither spoke.

Kelly said he wanted to “keep pressure on” the racial equity issue.

“That’s concerning, and I know there are many entry points, so it sounds like we’re working on the first one,” he said.

Kelly, who is also the director of the Lawrence College and Career Center, said he knew the Lawrence school district had been focusing on equity and “why so many students of color are ending up in our system.”

“That alarms me,” he said. “I think we need to just keep asking questions and keep searching for answers.”

Weigand said she didn’t know how to fix it, but she knows that “there are things that need to happen.”

“I’m hopeful that we’ll figure it out as we go along,” she continued. “Our goal is to not touch people who don’t need to be touched in terms of being in our system. We’re trying to divert kids as much as we can so that they don’t end up with a criminal record and have something impact the rest of their lives in a negative way.”