Fix-It Chick: How to choose the right oil

All gas-powered equipment requires oil. Understanding the differences in oil is an important part of proper engine maintenance.

Step 1: Engines that use a gas and oil mixture need two-cycle oil. Two-cycle oil lubricates engine parts as it flows through the chambers and is eventually burned away during the combustion process. Two-cycle oils contain several additives, including detergents to clean away residue and agents to increase biodegradability, decrease wear and reduce oxidation. The proper mix ratio is noted as parts of gas to parts of oil. A 32:1 ratio requires 1 ounce of oil for every 32 ounces of gas. Too little oil can damage the engine; too much oil can cause excess emissions. Choose an ashless two-cycle oil for best results.

Step 2: Engines that have a separate reservoir for oil and a dipstick require four-cycle oil. Four-cycle oils come in single or multiple weights. Single-weight oils are labeled with numbers that reflect their viscosity (or thickness) at 212 degrees Fahrenheit; the larger the number the thicker the oil. Multi-weight oils are labeled with two numbers. The first number reflects the viscosity or thickness at 0 degrees Fahrenheit and is followed by the letter W for “Winter.” The second number reflects the viscosity at 212 degrees. Thinner oils flow quicker, and thicker oils lubricate better. Refer to the equipment’s owners manual to determine the correct oil weight for optimal performance.

Step 3: Chain saw bar oil is similar to SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) 30 weight oil, but bar oil has essential additives that increases the ability of the oil to stick to the bar and chain, facilitating proper lubrication. Using standard four-cycle oil to lubricate a chain saw will cause irreparable damage.

Step 4: Synthetic oils are essential for more advanced engines. Synthetic oils flow better, leave fewer deposits and last longer. They have large molecules that do not break down and do not burn away at higher heats; because of this, synthetic oils are not good for smaller motors or two-cycle engines.

Step 5: Detergents in oils keep engines running smoother by trapping soot and deposits within the oil. Frequent oil changes are a must. For small engines, such as lawn mowers, using non-detergent oil can enhance the cooling properties of the oil and reduce stress on the motor.

Step 6: Regardless of what oil you use, always check your oil on a regular basis.

— Have a home improvement question for the Fix-It Chick? Email it to Linda Cottin at features@ljworld.com.