When it comes to caring for leather, knowing what type of leather you have is imperative for proper maintenance.

Step 1: When possible, refer to the manufacturer for instructions on care and maintenance of any leather product. Otherwise, a little investigative work and some trial and error testing can determine the right course of action.

Oiled and waxed leathers have a finish that protects the leather from water and mild chemicals. Over time these coatings need to be reapplied.

Step 2: Aniline leathers are soft, natural and unprotected leathers. They scratch easily, absorb water and display imperfections and markings. These non-pigmented leathers are prone to fading and should be kept away from sunlight and heat sources. Wipe aniline leathers clean with a dry, lint-free cloth on a regular basis. Blot spills away as soon as possible. A lightly damp cloth can be used for cleaning when necessary. Allow the leather to dry naturally. Avoid cleaners, oils and other commercial products. Choose a water-based conditioner made specifically for non-pigmented leather. Apply products directly to a soft cloth and work into leather using gentle circular motions. Always test any product first before proceeding.

Step 3: Semi-aniline leather is natural leather that has been treated with a protective coating, including light pigments, oils, waxes and urethanes. Water is much slower to absorb into these leathers. The coating helps maintain the leather’s natural oils. Clean semi-aniline leather with a damp cloth when necessary. Avoid soaps, chemicals and heavy oils. Choose water- or alcohol-based products to protect and rejuvenate worn or damaged leather.

Step 4: Pigmented, painted or top coated leather is commonly used for furniture and automobile upholstery. This leather has a uniform appearance and is sealed for durability. Durable leathers are best maintained by wiping clean with a damp, lint-free cloth. For heavier dirt removal and long-term rejuvenation, choose a water-based cleaner and conditioner specifically designed for leather furniture. Avoid waxes, oils and soaps. Test the product in an inconspicuous area and avoid scrubbing.

Step 5: Oiled and waxed leathers are used for boots, purses, belts and saddles. The finish protects the leather from water and mild chemicals. Over time these coatings need to be reapplied. Use an alcohol-based cleaner to remove the old finish. Allow the leather to dry completely. Reapply a product that is similar to the original finish. Avoid products that sit on top of the leather and clog the pours. Work products into the leather for a deep and durable finish.

— Have a home improvement question for the Fix-It Chick? Email it to Linda Cottin at features@ljworld.com.