Washington ? Hard economic times can bring out the worst in people.

As the April 15 tax deadline approaches, you may be thinking of not filing a return. Or you may be tempted to file a fraudulent return to boost your refund by taking deductions you know you aren’t entitled to claim.

But when and if the IRS discovers what you are doing, the result is not very pretty. Aside from the penalties, do you want that mental anguish of wondering whether you’re going to be caught?

OK, maybe you don’t have a conscience. So let me lay out the financial consequences:

• The penalty for filing late is usually 5 percent of the unpaid taxes for each month or part of a month that a return is late. This penalty typically stops accruing after five months. But you can incur additional penalties if fraud is involved, said IRS spokesman Eric Smith. If you cannot pay any or part of the taxes you owe, at least file your return. You can work out a payment plan with the IRS. You can apply online by going to irs.gov. Use the pull-down menu under “I need to … ” on the right side of the IRS home page. Select “Set Up a Payment Plan.”

• You will have to pay a failure-to-pay penalty of one-half of 1 percent of your unpaid taxes for each month or part of a month after the due date that the taxes are not paid. You can cut this penalty in half by setting up a payment plan, Smith said.

• The failure-to-pay penalty rate increases to a full 1 percent per month for any tax that remains unpaid the day after a demand for immediate payment is issued, or 10 days after you get notice that the IRS intends to levy certain assets.

• The two most common accuracy related penalties are the “substantial understatement” penalty and the “negligence or disregard of rules or regulations” penalty. If you are guilty of either one, you pay a flat 20 percent based on the related tax due.

• If you lie on your return to reduce what you owe (or to get a refund), a penalty of 75 percent of the underpayment due to civil fraud will be added to your tax.

It’s been a long-standing policy of the IRS not to pursue criminal prosecution when individuals voluntarily come forward and file a return for missing years before a criminal case is built, according to Smith. But with a growing federal budget deficit, I wouldn’t count on that good will for long.