San Francisco ? Narin Leininger knows about the risks of talking on a cell phone or sending text messages while driving. The 16-year-old high school junior says he’d only use his phone behind the wheel in an emergency – a flat tire, traffic jam or crash.

But if he ever decided to whip out his phone to chat or text with a friend while steering, he wondered, could anyone stop him?

“There’s no way a cop could see if you’re texting under the steering wheel,” said Leininger, a student at San Francisco’s Lowell High School.

Still, California and at least 11 other states are considering bills banning teens from using electronic equipment while driving, according to the American Automobile Association. At least 15 states and the District of Columbia have passed bans.

Supporters say teen-specific regulations – which generally amend existing laws that apply to everyone, or add provisions to graduated licensing laws for young motorists – reduce driver distraction and save lives. Opponents say they’re another example of government meddling into citizens’ private behavior – and that teaching students proper driving skills is a parent’s duty, not the state’s.

California bill

California’s bill could land on Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger’s desk this week. Schwarzenegger, whose daughter turned 16 and began driving last year, hasn’t indicated whether he’d sign it.

The legislation, introduced by California Sen. Joe Simitian, would take effect next July. It would ban 16- and 17-year-olds from using any electronic device while driving – cell phones, text messaging devices, laptop computers, pagers, walkie-talkies and handheld computers, even those with “hands-free” features. (Last year, Schwarzenegger signed a bill that prohibits all drivers from holding a cell phone while driving. The measure, which takes effect in July 2008, allows hands-free devices.)

Violators of the proposed teen bill would get a $20 fine for the first offense and a $50 fine for subsequent offenses, but they wouldn’t get points on their records.

“I introduced this bill for one simple reason – it will save lives,” said Simitian, a Palo Alto Democrat.

Tragic endings

There’s been little scientific research directly linking texting and car accidents, but anecdotal evidence – and common sense – suggest it’s too distracting.

Last month, police in suburban Phoenix blamed a teen’s text-messaging habit for a head-on crash that killed two people. Ashley D. Miller, 18, wasn’t wearing a seat belt and was texting on her cell phone while driving in Peoria, Ariz., when her Ford pickup crossed a lane and smashed into a Chrysler PT Cruiser, killing 40-year-old driver Stacey A. Stubbs.

In June, a head-on wreck in New York’s Finger Lakes region killed five teenagers who graduated from high school five days earlier. Although police didn’t conclusively link texting with the deaths, the crash happened only moments after the 17-year-old driver had sent and received text messages.

The accident – in which the teen’s SUV swerved into oncoming traffic, hit a tractor-trailer and burst into flames – prompted New York State Sen. Carl Marcellino to introduce a bill banning writing, sending or reading text messages while driving.

“You need two thumbs to use these devices. How do you hold the wheel? You have to take your eyes off the road to see the screen or see the letters. It’s terribly dangerous,” the Republican from Syosset told legislators in Albany.

According to a 2001 report by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 16-year-old drivers have a crash rate three times higher than that of 17-year-olds, five times greater than 18-year-olds and almost 10 times greater than drivers ages 30-59.

“Bottom line, this law will most likely save lives – not just teenagers but anyone on the road,” said Dave Melton, director of transportation technical consulting services for the Hopkinton, Mass.-based Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety. “Frankly it would behoove all of us to do away with distractions that interfere with decisions we make while driving.”