London ? Lions licked blood-flavored ice blocks in the zoo, judges went wigless in court and guards at Buckingham Palace ducked into the shade.

Britain faced the hottest day ever recorded in July on Wednesday as a heat wave swept much of Europe. Temperatures hit 96.6 degrees south of London – so hot some road surfaces melted.

Two people died in Spain as temperatures climbed above 104 degrees, while officials in France said nine people who died recently were believed to be victims of the heat.

But with its aging buildings and infrequent brushes with sweltering temperatures, Britain was particularly ill-equipped for the heat wave.

London’s Underground has no air conditioning and the Evening Standard newspaper measured temperatures in the train system at 117 degrees. Operator Transport for London takes no measurements but did not dispute the figure.

Construction workers in northwest England, meanwhile, dumped crushed rocks on highways because the liquefying pavement was sticking to vehicles, Cumbria’s county council said.

Visitors cool off with a sprinkler on the Champs-de-Mars near the Eiffel Tower in Paris. French authorities issued an orange alert, the third-highest on its heat scale, as temperatures soared to 97 degrees in many parts of the country.

In France, several days of dry heat and high temperatures – which reached 97 degrees in Paris on Wednesday and 102 degrees in Bordeaux a day earlier – recalled a heat wave in 2003, when 15,000 people died from dehydration and heat-related disorders. Many were elderly and were in some cases left alone while families vacationed.

Since then, France’s government has adopted measures to avoid a repeat of the disaster. On Wednesday, French Health Minister Xavier Bertrand and Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin visited a retirement home to check on the prevention plan.

In the Netherlands, the Nijmegen 4-Day March was canceled after two participants died in the heat. Some 300 people taking part in the popular walk became ill Tuesday in temperatures that reached 95 degrees and 30 were hospitalized.

In Britain, many people simply sought shelter indoors as the mercury rose. The temperature at Wisley in Surrey, south of London, peaked at 97.7 Fahrenheit – the hottest temperature ever recorded in Britain in July. The average temperature in southeastern England in July is 70 degrees – and that figure has been the nighttime temperature the past few days.

Britain’s record high temperature is 101 degrees, set in Faversham, Kent, on Aug. 10, 2003.

At the historic Royal Courts of Justice, judges were allowed to remove their traditional wigs for court proceedings. One of Britain’s largest trade union federations, the Trades Union Congress, issued a statement urging people to wear shorts to work.

And in a rare move, the two-hour shifts of the royal guards who stand outside Buckingham Palace were reduced to one hour at the beginning of the week in preparation for the heat, said the London headquarters spokesman, Col. David Sievwright.

At the Colchester Zoo, zookeepers gave lions ice blocks flavored with blood, and monkeys got blocks containing fruit.

But the heat failed to dash one of Queen Elizabeth II’s annual garden parties. Nearly 8,000 people lined up to enter Buckingham Palace.