SAN ANTONIO ? After driving for two days, Archbishop Jose H. Gomez arrived earlier this month at his new home — a second-floor apartment at Assumption Seminary where retiring Archbishop Patrick Flores lived during more than 25 years as spiritual leader of San Antonio’s Roman Catholics.

But if the 1,100-mile journey was arduous, it was nothing compared to replacing the first Mexican-American bishop.

“Flores is a legend. There’s no question about it,” said the Rev. David Garcia, rector of San Fernando Cathedral, a church that dates to the 1730s. “When the history is written about the Hispanics and Catholics in this country, Flores’ name will be at the very top. But that does not mean it’s an impossible role to fill for Gomez.”

With his formal installation earlier this month, the 53-year-old Gomez became the nation’s first Hispanic archbishop since Flores’ appointment in 1979. Flores reached the standard retirement age for bishops of 75 last summer and asked to step aside because of health problems. It took the Vatican several months to name his successor.

Besides Gomez, the nation has about 25 Hispanic bishops, but only nine head dioceses. The rest serve as auxiliary bishops: Gomez himself was auxiliary bishop of Denver. And before Flores was named a San Antonio auxiliary bishop in 1970, people even questioned whether a Hispanic could do the job, Garcia said.

“Flores opened doors and sometimes broke down doors to allow other Hispanics to move into positions of leadership,” Garcia said. “Very few people seriously question today whether Hispanics can occupy those high positions in business, education, government and the church.”

Giant figure

Flores left San Antonio in 1978 when he was appointed bishop in El Paso. He returned a year later as archbishop.

In Hispanic circles, Flores is “just a giant,” said Catholic scholar Timothy Matovina, director of the University of Notre Dame’s Cushwa Center for the Study of American Catholicism.

San Antonio Archbishop Jose Gomez, center, exits San Fernando Cathedral in San Antonio earlier this month after his Mass of installation. A Hispanic archbishop hadn't been appointed since 1979.

“His influence has gone far beyond even just his own diocese,” Matovina added, noting that Flores played a leading role in social causes important to Hispanic Catholics, from standing up for migrant farm workers to founding the National Hispanic Scholarship Fund.

But Flores’ tenure in San Antonio, with about 700,000 Catholics, was sometimes rocky.

His handling of clergy sexual abuse cases drew criticism from some victims’ relatives. Flores apologized for not doing more in the past to protect children against abuse from clerics, but critics said he did not show enough compassion.

Others accused him of a liberal theology that failed to strictly adhere to official liturgy and church doctrine. Gomez, on the other hand, is a member of the conservative Catholic organization Opus Dei, which Pope John Paul II admires. But Gomez said Flores has been faithful to the church and he expects no theological shifts in the archdiocese.

‘Great challenge’

“It’s a great challenge for me because I cannot replace him,” Gomez said. “But I know his style of leadership, so I’ll try to follow his example in that sense, because he’s been so effective.”

Others said, though, that Gomez’s record of serving Hispanic Catholics can stand on its own.

“Archbishop Gomez was very, very involved at the national level even as a priest,” said Alejandro Aguilera-Titus, associate director of the U.S. Council of Catholic Bishops’ Secretariat for Hispanic Affairs.