San Francisco ? A 21st-century gold rush is on in California after the voters approved $3 billion for human embryonic stem-cell research.

At least one out-of-state biotech company already is making plans to move to California. Stem-cell startup businesses are expected to emerge. And universities are hoping to recruit some of the field’s brightest minds to take part in the biggest state-run research project in U.S. history.

The voters’ 59 percent approval of the bond measure on Election Day represents a resounding rejection of Bush administration policy, which has sharply restricted federal funding for research that involves the destruction of human embryos.

Stem cells can potentially grow into any type of human tissue. Many scientists believe stem cells could someday be used to repair crippling spinal cord injuries and treat an array of diseases, including diabetes and Parkinson’s.

No one is sure when the first dollar will be allocated or where the agency that will distribute funds will be located, though biotechnology booster groups from San Diego to the San Francisco Bay Area are working on their sales pitches.

Worcester, Mass.-based Advanced Cell Technology, said it would soon open a California laboratory so it could apply for grants. Its chief executive has already moved to the San Francisco Bay area, and the company is trying to line up financing from California investors.

“It’s a very favorable environment, and this could serve as a wake-up call for the rest of the country,” said Dr. Robert Lanza, Advanced Cell’s research chief.