Washington ? Consumers and businesses are feeling the pinch from record-high energy prices. Already there are worries the country could fall into recession if $2-per-gallon gasoline prices keep going up.

Oil price shocks have played a role in four of the last five U.S. recessions in the past three decades. Analysts fear that attacks on oil facilities in Iraq and Saudi Arabia and the threat of further disruptions will keep prices volatile for some time.

“It could cause a recession if oil prices go high enough,” said David Wyss, chief economist at Standard & Poor’s in New York.

The price of light crude oil hit a record of $41.85 in New York trading early last week before settling at $39.93 on Friday. The markets reacted to the announcement that Saudi Arabia will begin pumping an additional 500,000 barrels of crude per day beginning in June.

That decision will have little immediate effect on pump prices in the United States, analysts said. The additional supplies will not reach this country until mid-July, after the demand for refineries to produce gasoline for the peak driving season has ended.

Higher energy prices will crimp consumer spending. They act like a tax: If people pay more to fill up their cars, they have less to spend on other things.

The burden is not felt by just drivers of gas-guzzling sport utility vehicles.

Taxicab riders in the nation’s capital and elsewhere are stuck paying fuel surcharges. Airlines are raising ticket prices to cope with the higher cost of jet fuel. Trucking companies are boosting delivery prices.

Energy-intensive industries such as chemical and paper manufacturers have begun to increase prices to cover higher production costs. Even the local lawn service is having to shell out more to keep its mowers and trucks moving.

Crude oil prices have risen by about $10 per barrel since late last year. If that increase were to be sustained for a year, it would shave about $50 billion from consumer spending and reduce overall economic growth by about one-half of a percentage point in 2005.

The optimists among forecasters point to a drop of nearly $2 per barrel in oil prices at the end of last week to support their view that the run-up will not last, and prices should return to about $35 per barrel or less by the fall.

Of course, events in the Middle East could prove the optimists wrong. More attacks on oil facilities, especially those in Saudi Arabia, could lift prices to $50 a barrel or beyond.

“We have a fear or war premium built into oil prices now of up to $15 per barrel,” said Sung Won Sohn, chief economist at Wells Fargo in Minneapolis. “The Middle East situation has to stabilize for oil prices to fall on a sustained basis.”

While economists believe oil prices will moderate in the months ahead, they say the recent sharp jump needs to be kept in perspective. The price of nearly $42 per barrel was a record in current dollars. But, after adjusting for inflation, oil prices are far lower than the peaks during previous crises.

In today’s dollars, oil hit a peak of around $80 per barrel in the early 1980s and gasoline sold for the equivalent of $2.85 per gallon.

l State taxes drive up Kansans’ gasoline prices. Page 1B.