Nancy Key, a lifelong Episcopalian, grew uneasy as speaker after speaker at her diocesan meeting rose to denounce the confirmation of the first openly gay bishop in the history of the American church.

The Diocese of San Joaquin, Calif., is among the more conservative in the nation, and its bishop, John-David Schofield, is prominent in the network moving toward a break with the denomination’s leaders.

“I got up to speak and I was the only speaker who spoke against splitting. I said I was proud of my church,” Key said. “It was deathly quiet and I walked back to my seat and felt I was the only person in my diocese who felt that way.

Key, of Fresno, eventually found others who shared her views and they formed an advocacy group — one of several springing up nationwide that are fighting to prevent their conservative dioceses from separating from the church.

Along with San Joaquin, advocates are organizing in the predominantly conservative dioceses of Fort Worth, Texas, Albany, N.Y., and Pittsburgh, Pa., home to the leader of dissenting conservatives, Bishop Robert Duncan. Other groups are becoming active in Springfield, Ill., South Carolina and Florida.

Organizers say they represent both liberals who support the consecration of V. Gene Robinson as bishop of New Hampshire and moderates who may disagree with ordaining gays but don’t want the denomination to break apart over the issue. Robinson has lived openly with his male partner for 14 years.

Many hope a national network of like-minded Episcopalians will emerge to fight for unity.

“There are so many people in so many pockets who do not want to leave the church that I want to find a way to bring them together,” said Key, whose group is called Remaining Episcopal.

These fledgling organizations generally have little money and no formalized membership, but some report e-mail lists of supporters ranging from 80 to more than 300 people each.

They have become more active as the American Anglican Council, which represents conservatives, creates a network of parishes and dioceses separate from the church’s leadership. The 2.3 million-member Episcopal Church is the U.S. branch of the global Anglican Communion.

Among the many activities the new advocacy groups are undertaking is monitoring claims by the council and others about the size and scope of the conservative movement.

Albany Via Media (which means “middle way” in Latin) is checking that its diocese is making any payments it promised to the national denomination, said the Rev. James Brooks-McDonald of Schenectady, N.Y.

Progressive Episcopalians of Pittsburgh has distributed brochures at a series of diocesan meetings countering proposals by conservatives that were meant to lay the groundwork for separating from the church.

And Fort Worth Via Media has started a fund that could help cover legal costs if the diocese or individual parishes try to leave the denomination and take their property with them.