The mild temperatures have made it enjoyable to work outside. The grass is green and many annual flowers are making a comeback. Also returning are annoying, and possibly deadly, mosquitoes. Although the hype of West Nile Virus has subsided, the fact remains that recent rains have allowed populations of mosquites to explode.

Here are a few precautions on how to stay safe from mosquitoes:

There are about 200 different species of mosquitoes found in the United States. Of those, about 50 species live in Kansas. Primarily associated with water, mosquitoes can be found in all areas of Douglas County.

After a blood meal, the female mosquito mates and lays her eggs either in water or close to the water’s edge. The eggs hatch and larvae or “wigglers” emerge. After a couple of molts, adult mosquitoes fly from the water to start the process over. Only female mosquitoes bite, and it is their injected saliva that causes the allergic reaction.

The best method of mosquito control is prevention. Because mosquitoes require water to lay their eggs, minimizing breeding sites minimizes mosquitoes. Unfortunately, continuous rain fall for 24 to 48 hours was all that was needed for the process to begin. Nevertheless, focus on obvious sources of standing water such as clogged drainage ditches, ponds, and swamps. Also search for sites such as tree hallows, plant trays, clogged gutters, unused children’s toys, discarded tires and cans, and other water holding items. Removing the water will remove the mosquitoes. When possible, drain flooded or swampy areas. Clean up trash and turn over unused water-holding items.

Use larvicides such as Bt Dunks or Bt Bits in larger water standing areas. Bt is a naturally occurring toxin that is safe for mammals but is toxic to mosquito larvae when ingested. Trying to control adults is not advised. Many mosquitoes are strong fliers and can travel long distances.

To help avoid being bitten by mosquitoes, use personal protection and common sense when entering mosquito infested areas. When possible, wear long-sleeved shirts and pants, and use Environmental Protection Agency registered bug repellents containing DEET as the active ingredient. Be sure to read and follow label directions when using these products. Spray lightly on exposed skin and clothing. Wash hands and face before eating when using these products. Use just enough repellent to cover exposed skin and/or clothing. Heavy application and saturation is generally unnecessary for effectiveness.

After returning indoors, wash treated skin with soap and water or bathe. This is particularly important when repellents are used repeatedly in a day or on consecutive days. Also, wash treated clothing before wearing it again.

Bruce Chladny is horticulture agent at K-State Research and Extension-Douglas County. For more information, call him at 843-7058 from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. weekdays.