San Francisco ? A federal appeals court threw California’s tumultuous recall campaign into complete turmoil Monday by postponing the Oct. 7 election, citing the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Bush v. Gore in ruling that punch-card ballots could lead to some votes not being counted.

The decision by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals is certain to be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, putting the justices in a position to influence yet another monumental election.

The three-judge panel did not set a new date for the recall election but backed a suggestion from the American Civil Liberties Union that the balloting be held during the March 2 presidential primary.

“It is virtually undisputed that … punch-card voting systems are significantly more prone to errors that result in a voter’s ballot not being counted than the other voting systems used in California,” the judges wrote.

The 9th Circuit is the nation’s largest and most liberal federal appeals court. It was the 9th Circuit last year that declared the reciting of the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools unconstitutional because of the words “under God.”

Monday’s ruling was the last of about a dozen legal challenges to the attempt to unseat Democratic Gov. Gray Davis. Several candidates are running to replace him, including Democratic Lt. Gov. Cruz Bustamante, action star Arnold Schwarzenegger and conservative state Sen. Tom McClintock.

Davis would probably benefit the most from the ruling if the election were conducted in March, because the presidential primary is expected to bring a large number of Democrats to the polls. It could also give Davis more time to address the state’s budget crisis and force Schwarzenegger, the GOP front-runner, into a longer campaign.

Seeking equal footing

The appeals court unanimously ruled it was unacceptable that six California counties would be using outdated punch-card ballots. Those counties are already under court order to replace punch cards with more modern systems such as touch-screen ballots by the March primary.

Hours before a federal appeals court delayed California's Oct. 7 recall election over concerns about the validity of punch-card ballot machines, California gubernatorial candidate Arnold Schwarzenegger and his wife, Maria Shriver, joined Oprah Winfrey on The

The six counties include the state’s most populous, Los Angeles, as well as Sacramento and San Diego counties. Altogether they contained 44 percent of California’s registered voters during the 2000 election.

The panel repeatedly referred to Bush v. Gore — the case that decided the 2000 presidential election — as its primary rationale. In that case, the Supreme Court stopped Florida’s recount on the grounds that all votes were not being treated equally.

The appeals court said the same Bush v. Gore theory applied to California, because voters using punch-card machines would not be on equal footing with voters using more modern election systems. Civil rights groups said a study showed 40,000 poor and minority California voters might have their ballots excluded if punch-card ballots are used.

“The inherent defects in the system are such that approximately 40,000 voters who travel to the polls and cast their ballot will not have their vote counted at all,” the judges wrote.

The panel also said it was better to resolve potential ballot problems before the vote to avoid getting caught up in “litigation over the legitimacy of the election.”

Appeals ahead

Ted Costa, head of the Peoples’ Advocate, and Dave Gilliard, senior strategist for Rescue California, two groups that put the recall on the ballot, said they would appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.

“Give us 24 hours,” Costa said.

The California official responsible for elections, Secretary of State Kevin Shelley, said through a spokeswoman he was consulting with fellow Democrat Atty. Gen. Bill Lockyer. He said he would announce today whether the state would appeal.

Lockyer said the state could ask the entire appeals court to review the panel’s ruling, or could appeal directly to the Supreme Court.

Schwarzenegger called on the secretary of state to appeal to the Supreme Court, which could reinstate Oct. 7 as the date. Both he and Davis said they would continue their campaigns in the meantime.

“Historically, the courts have upheld the rights of voters, and I expect that the court will do so again in this case,” Schwarzenegger said in a statement. “The people have spoken, and their word should, and will, prevail.”

“This recall has been like a roller coaster. There are more surprises than you can possibly imagine,” Davis told reporters after appearing with former President Clinton at a school dedication in Compton. “I’ll continue to make my case to the people that a recall is not good for them.”