Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ? The bombing that killed 17 people in the Saudi capital is intensifying pressure for democratic reform in Saudi Arabia, and is likely to undercut the militants’ support among Arabs who previously sympathized to some degree with their goals.

While some have rejoiced over Saturday’s suicide car bombing, many in the Arab world are shocked that it targeted Arabs and Muslims.

The bombing — the work of Osama bin Laden’s al-Qaida network, according to U.S. and Saudi officials — hit a housing compound in Riyadh that the attackers must have known houses Arab families. As a result, said Saudi political analyst Dawood al-Shirian, many Saudis who felt some sympathy for bin Laden or even saw justification for the Sept. 11 attacks are now beginning to question his goals.

“When they see the images of dead children, when they see the images of a dead mother, if one of their own dies, they will turn away from the militants,” al-Shirian said. “That’s what will isolate the militants.”

On the streets of the capital one evening this week, after breaking their daily Ramadan fast, some Muslims expressed fear such attacks would sully Islam or encourage its enemies.

Khalid al-Sultan, 32, a catering company employee, called it “un-Islamic.” Abdul-Rahman al-Sheikh, a 41-year-old businessman, said al-Qaida militants were “not only a threat to the people in the kingdom but also a threat to humanity and our peaceful religion.”

That feeling was not universal, however. In Saudi Arabia and elsewhere, many Arabs have fallen back on conspiracy theories about America and Israel engineering the bombing — or at least letting it happen — in order to discredit Islam.

“I have the feeling that those who did it can’t be Muslims. Why not Americans?” lawyer Fatma Lasheen said in Cairo. “The American Embassy closed the day of the operation. And if not, why didn’t they foil this operation if they knew about it? Don’t you think it is strange?”

The U.S. Embassy in Riyadh had closed because of fears an attack was imminent, but U.S. officials said the intelligence did not say where it might happen.

Saudis who support the attack speak on condition of anonymity, lest they attract the attention of the government as it arrests suspected militants. But they don’t hide their pride nor their certainty that al-Qaida was behind it.

One Saudi in his 30s phoned a reporter to say he was “ecstatic.” He said he wanted the kingdom, home of Islam’s most revered holy places, to return to life as it was in the days of the Prophet Muhammad.

Another, also in his 30s, said people wished such attacks were happening every night, but would prefer they targeted Americans and Westerners.