Q: I know that you’ve shared information before on how to handle game birds when hunting, but I can’t find the article. Could you share it again?

A: Sure. It’s a perfect time of year to start reminding the hunters in our families how to handle those game birds out in the field.

Wild game birds may become contaminated with bacteria or gastric juices if they are improperly handled. Off flavors and odors may develop in the meat, and your risk of foodborne illness may increase. For optimum eating quality, remember the following handling tips during hunting, storage and food preparation:

 Care in the field and in transport

Be prepared for the hunt. Remember to bring a sharp hunting knife, a whetstone or steel, light rope or nylon cord, plastic bags, clean cloths or paper towels and a cooler filled with ice. Field dress the bird promptly. Remove the entrails and crop as soon as possible because the grain in the crop may ferment if not removed. The heart and liver may be saved for giblets. Store in a plastic bag on ice to keep them clean and cold. Leave an identification mark on the bird.

The birds may be plucked or skinned in the field. If you pluck the birds, bring a plastic bag for storing the feathers. Cool the carcass quickly to retain flavor and maintain the quality of the bird. A temperature above 40 degrees is meat’s worst enemy. Wipe out the cavity with a clean cloth or paper towel. Do not use grass or snow as this will contaminate the carcass.

Allow air to circulate in the carcass by hanging or laying the bird in a well-ventilated place. In hot weather, place the birds individually in plastic bags and put on ice. Do not pile warm birds. Store the birds in a cooler or ice chest out of the sun.

Keep the birds cool during transport. The best way to store birds is in a cooler on ice. If this is not possible, keep the vehicle well-ventilated and put the birds on the back seat or the floor. Do not transport them in the trunk of a vehicle because the enclosed space does not allow heat to escape from the birds.

 Care in processing and storage

Don’t cross-contaminate during processing. Wash your hands, knife and cutting board with hot soapy water and rinse thoroughly.

When preparing the ducks, remove the wings by cutting them off at the joints, remove the head and pluck out the pin feathers. Feathers may be removed by scalding the birds in hot water (145 degrees). Pin feathers and down may be removed by dipping the feathered bird in a paraffin wax/hot water mixture. After the wax hardens, the feathers may be scraped off.

When preparing upland birds, such as grouse, pheasant, quail and partridge, skin the bird and soak in cold water for one to two hours to remove the excess blood.

Birds generally do not require aging. If you wish to age the birds, holding them at just above freezing temperatures for two to three days may increase the tenderness of the meat.

For immediate use, birds should be stored in the refrigerator at 45 degrees or less and used within three days. For long-term storage, the whole cleaned carcass or individual parts may be frozen at 0 degrees or lower. Freeze the meat while it is fresh and in top condition. The advantage of packaging parts instead of the whole bird is that bloody spots can be eliminated by cutting out or rinsing out with cold water. Parts also conveniently fit in your freezer. Parts may be boned, and the carcass and neck my be used as a soup base. Use moisture/vapor-proof wrap such as heavily waxed freezer wrap, laminated freezer wrap, heavy duty aluminum foil, or freezer-weight polyethylene bags. Wrap tightly, pressing out as much air as possible. Label the packages with the content and date. Use the frozen packages within a year.

 Care in preparation

Thaw the birds in the refrigerator or microwave. Microwave-thawed food should be cooked immediately. Other thawed meat should be used within one to two days. Keep raw food and cooked food separate.

The age of the bird determines the cooking method. Wild game always should be cooked thoroughly until the juices run clear and no pinkness remains in the meat. Young birds have lighter legs, soft breastbones and flexible beaks. Old birds have darker, hard skinned legs, brittle breastbones and inflexible beaks. Game birds may be prepared like chicken. Dry cookery methods, such as frying, are appropriate for young birds. Moist cookery methods, such as stewing or braising, are appropriate for older birds. To decrease the distinctive taste of some wild game, trim off as much of the fat as possible.

Older or skinned birds may become dry during baking. You may want to wrap the birds with bacon to prevent them from drying out. Remove stuffing from the bird prior to storage, because stuffing is a good growth medium for microorganisms. Use leftovers within one or two days, or freeze for later use.

Q: What is the nutritive value of wild duck and pheasant?

A: A 3.5-ounce raw portion is:

 Duck breast: 123 calories, 19.5 grams protein, 4.3 grams total fat, 1.3 grams saturated fat, 77 mgs. cholesterol, 4.5 mgs. iron, 57 mgs. sodium, and 0.7 mgs. zinc.

 Pheasant breast: 133 calories, 24.4 grams protein, 3.3 grams total fat, 1.1 grams saturated fat, 58 mgs. cholesterol, 0.8 mg. iron, 33 mgs. sodium, and 0.6 mg. zinc.

 Pheasant Leg: 134 calories, 22.2 grams protein, 4.3 grams total fat, 1.7 grams saturated fat, 80 mgs. cholesterol, 1.8 mgs. iron, 45 mgs. sodium, and 1.5 mgs. zinc.