A wave of patriotism has swept across the United States, and American flags are flying proudly. Our country’s colors seem to be everywhere waving in storefronts, hanging on porches, displayed in car windows. Every citizen should know the history of our Grand Old Flag and learn some basic guidelines for displaying the Stars and Stripes, which has been a symbol of our great nation for more than 200 years.

Displaying the stars and stripes

Custom suggests the U.S. flag be displayed only from sunrise to sunset unless it is

illuminated. The flag should be hoisted briskly and lowered ceremoniously. It should not be allowed to touch the ground.

Wall

The flag can be displayed

vertically or horizontally; the stars should be at the top of the flag on the observer’s left.

Podium

The flag should be placed to right of a speaker or staging area; other flags should be placed to the left.

Street

When a flag is suspended across a street, it should hang vertically with the stars to the north or the east.

Half-staff

Flown at half-staff during national mourning, the flag should be hoisted to the top of the flagpole for a moment, then lowered to half-staff. The flag should be raised to the top of pole before lowering at end of the day.

State

The U.S. flag flies at the center and highest point of a group when flags of states, localities or societies are grouped for display.

Group

	1776 The Cambridge, or Grand Union flag, preceded theDeclaration of Independence and still bore the British flag of the time.1777 The first flag ordered by Congress on June 14 had no official arrangement of its 13 stars. Several variations were used.1795 “The Star Spangled Banner,” inspiration for the national anthem, had 15 stars and 15 stripes for the original 13 states plus Vermont and Kentucky.1818 The number of stripes returned to 13 for the original 13 states. The 20 stars represented the number of states.1861 During the Civil War, the flag had stars for 34 states, including Confederate states.1912 Stars for New Mexico and Arizona brought the number of stars to 48. This flag, flown from 1912 to 1959, had the greatest longevityof any design.1959 The addition of Alaska and Hawaii added the 49th and 50th stars to the flag.

When the U.S. flag is flown with other national flags, they should be of equal size and flown on separate staffs of the same height. International law forbids a nation’s flag to be flown above any other nation’s in peacetime.

Test your triva

n 1. Francis Scott Key wrote the words to “The Star-Spangled Banner” on the back of an envelope. What is the source of the music for the song?

n 2. Which president made official provision for the arrangement of the stars?

n 3. Who was Elizabeth Griscom and what was her connection to the flag?

n 4. Who planted the first U.S. flag on the moon?

n 5. Is it ever appropriate to fly the flag upside down?

n 6. What is done with worn or outdated flags?

n 7. The American flag first flew over a foreign fort in what country?

n 8. A vexillologist is an expert in what?

n 9. “Shipwreck” Kelly (1885-1952) was famous for sitting for long periods of time. What did he have to do with flags?

n 10. The United States has one of the oldest national flags. Which countries have older flags?

Answers : A true patriot scores at least seven right. A score between four and seven means it’s time to read up on Old Glory. If you scored below four, you might want to head back to civics class.

Flag facts

n Union or canton: The blue field in the upper left corner with the 50 stars.

n Field or ground: The 13 stripes. There are seven red and six white stripes; the top and bottom ones are red.

n Half-staff: Flying the flag to one-half the distance between the top and bottom of the staff.

n Half-mast: On ships and naval stations, flying the flag at half-staff.

n Fly: The width of a flag when viewed flying.

n Hoist: The height of a flag when viewed flying.

Folding the flag

The U.S. flag should be folded in a military fold and put

away when not in use. The procedure for folding the flag:

n Bring the four corners together lengthwise.

n Fold again lengthwise, forming one long strip.

n Beginning at the striped end, bring corner to flat edge.

n Keep folding in triangle pattern up to the stars end.

n When finished, the folded flag should resemble a triangle.

	Answers to trivia questionsA true patriot scores at least seven right. A score between four and seven means it’s time to read up on Old Glory. If you scored below four, you might want to head back to civics class.1. The music is from an English drinking song called “To Anacreon in Heaven.”2. In 1912, President William H. Taft ordered that there be six rows of eight stars, with each star pointing upward. Previously the arrangement of the stars had been left to the flagmaker’s fancy.3. Elizabeth Griscom, also known as Betsy, eloped with John Ross in November 1773. Betsy Ross, of course, sewed the first American flag.4. Neil Armstrong, on July 20, 1969.5. Yes, but only in an emergency to alert others you’re in need of help.6. Flags are used until they are worn out and then they are destroyed, preferably by burning.7. Libya over Fort Derne, on the shores of Tripoli.8. The history of flags.9. “Shipwreck” Kelly set many flagpole-sitting records. He sat for 49 days on one flagpole.10. Austria, Denmark, Great Britain, Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland.