Big names named

Clemens leads unenviable list

Former senator George Mitchell calls on a reporter during a news conference. Mitchell's report on illegal drug use in baseball was released Thursday and named seven former Major League Baseball MVPs among the transgressors.

Don’t expect punishments soon

George Mitchell linked 85 players to the illegal use of steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs. Now it’s up to Bud Selig to determine his version of baseball justice.

Lawyers in the commissioner’s office will have to sort through Mitchell’s report and determine whether any of the active players deserve punishment. That process certainly will spill into next year.

“We have approached these cases by looking at the period of time during which the conduct occurred and what our policy looked like for that point in time,” Rob Manfred, baseball’s executive vice president for labor relations, said after Mitchell’s report was released Thursday.

It is highly unlikely players will be disciplined for conduct before Sept. 30, 2002, when the management-union drug policy began.

? Seven MVPs and 31 All-Stars – one for every position – and that still wasn’t the worst of it for the long-awaited Mitchell Report.

That infamy belonged to Roger Clemens, the greatest pitcher of his era.

The Steroids Era.

A seven-time Cy Young Award winner, eighth on the all-time list with 354 victories, an MVP and All-Star himself and once a lock for the Hall of Fame, Clemens now has another distinction: the biggest name linked by former Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell to illegal use of steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs.

In all, Thursday’s 409-page report identified 85 names to differing degrees, but, while he vehemently denied it through his lawyer, Clemens was the symbol.

Barry Bonds, already under indictment on charges of lying to a federal grand jury about steroids, Miguel Tejada and Andy Pettitte also showed up in the game’s most infamous lineup since the Black Sox scandal.

“If there are problems, I wanted them revealed,” commissioner Bud Selig said. “His report is a call to action, and I will act.”

Doping was widespread by stars as well as scrubs, the report said, putting a question mark if not an asterisk next to baseball records and threatening the integrity of the game itself.

Eric Gagne, Gary Sheffield, Jason Giambi, Troy Glaus, Gary Matthews Jr., Paul Byrd, Jose Guillen, Brian Roberts, Paul Lo Duca and Rick Ankiel were among other current players in the report. Some were linked to Human Growth Hormone, others to steroids. Mitchell did not delve into stimulants.

“Those who have illegally used these substances range from players whose major-league careers were brief to potential members of the Baseball of Hall of Fame,” Mitchell wrote. “They include both pitchers and position players, and their backgrounds are as diverse as those of all major-league players.”

No one was hit harder than Clemens, singled out in nearly nine pages, 82 references by name. Much of the information on him came from former New York Yankees major-league strength and conditioning coach Brian McNamee.

At 45, Clemens has not said whether he hopes to pitch next season.

The report was unlikely to trigger a wave of discipline. While a few players, such as Bonds, are subjects of ongoing legal proceedings, many of the instances cited by Mitchell were before drug testing began in 2003.

Mitchell said punishment was inappropriate in all but the most egregious cases, and Selig said decisions on any action would come “swiftly” on a case-by-case basis.

“We have approached these cases by looking at the period of time during which the conduct occurred and what our policy looked like for that point in time,” said Rob Manfred, baseball’s executive vice president for labor relations.

While the records surely will stand, several stars could pay the price in Cooperstown, much the way Mark McGwire was kept out of the Hall of Fame this year merely because of steroids suspicion.

Mitchell said the problems didn’t develop overnight, and there was plenty of blame to go around.

“Everyone involved in baseball over the past two decades – commissioners, club officials, the players’ association and players – shares to some extent the responsibility for the Steroids Era,” Mitchell said. “There was a collective failure to recognize the problem as it emerged and to deal with it early on.”

Mitchell recommended that the drug-testing program be made independent, that a list of the substances players test positive for be listed periodically and that the timing of testing be more unpredictable.

“The illegal use of performance-enhancing substances poses a serious threat to the integrity of the game,” the report said. “Widespread use by players of such substances unfairly disadvantages the honest athletes who refuse to use them and raises questions about the validity of baseball records.”

Jose Canseco, whose book “Juiced” was cited throughout, was mentioned the most often – 105 times. Bonds was next at 103.

A total of 16 Yankees, past and present, were identified. Players were linked to doping in various ways – some were identified as users, some as buyers and some by media reports and other investigations.

“According to McNamee, from the time that McNamee injected Clemens with Winstrol through the end of the 1998 season, Clemens’ performance showed remarkable improvement,” the report said. “During this period of improved performance, Clemens told McNamee that the steroids ‘had a pretty good effect’ on him.”

McNamee also told investigators that “during the middle of the 2000 season, Clemens made it clear that he was ready to use steroids again. During the latter part of the regular season, McNamee injected Clemens in the buttocks four to six times with testosterone from a bottle labeled either Sustanon 250 or Deca-Durabolin.”

“It is very unfair to include Roger’s name in this report,” said Clemens’ lawyer, Rusty Hardin. “He is left with no meaningful way to combat what he strongly contends are totally false allegations. He has not been charged with anything, he will not be charged with anything and yet he is being tried in the court of public opinion with no recourse. That is totally wrong.”

“There has never been one shred of tangible evidence that he ever used these substances, and yet he is being slandered today,” said Hardin, who called McNamee a “troubled man.”

Former Mets clubhouse attendant Kirk Radomski also provided information as part of his plea agreement in a federal steroids case.

“Former commissioner Fay Vincent told me that the problem of performance-enhancing substances may be the most serious challenge that baseball has faced since the 1919 Black Sox scandal,” Mitchell said.

Mitchell’s 20 recommendations

1) Better drug testing

-Year-round, unannounced drug testing, with increased testing during the offseason and better protection from leaks before tests.

-Continually update drug testing as new techniques become available.

-Test all clubhouse employees just as players are tested.

-Test the top 100 draft eligible prospects each year, as identified by the Major League Baseball Scouting Bureau.

-Ensure program transparency by submitting to outside audits and publishing reports of aggregate testing results.

-Respect rights of players when it comes to testing.

2) Other modes of investigating

-Create an anonymous tip hot line.

-Background checks for all new clubhouse hires.

-Establish a Department of Investigations with a senior executive who reports directly to the league president. Report all significant allegations of illegal substance use to the commissioner and president.

-Better cooperation and communication with law enforcement agencies.

-Prompt interviews with players alleged to be using.

-Make sure drug policy is clear, written and well-publicized so players and club personnel know the rules.

-Keep logs of packages sent to players at major league ballparks.

3) Improving the anti-drug education program

-Educational program run by independent officer to ensure an unbiased, consistent effort.

-Presentations to players during spring training on the dangers of performance-enhancing drugs, including testimonials from speakers that players will relate to and law enforcement officials who can describe legal ramifications.

-Educate players on alternate ways to achieve the same results without performance-enhancing drugs and on the health risks of using substances bought on the black market.

-Inform players of the non-health-related hazards of buying drugs, including blackmail by shady dealers.

-Prominently display posters outlining baseball’s drug policy and the dangers of using performance-enhancing drugs.

4) Improve drug prevention and treatment program

-Make the program independent from the league.

-Provide adequate funding for the program.

The NCAA list of banned drugs for the 2007-08 school year:

Stimulants

amiphenazole

amphetamine

bemigride

benzphetamine

bromantan

caffeine (in excess of 15 micrograms/ml)

chlorphentermine

cocaine

cropropamide

crothetamide

diethylpropion

dimethylamphetamine

doxapram

ephedrine

ethamivan

ethylamphetamine

fencamframine

meclofenoxate

methamphetamine

methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstacy)

methylphenidate

nikethamide

octopamine

pemoline

pentetrazol

phendimetrazine

phenmetrazine

phentermine

phenylpropanolamine

picrotoxine

pipradol

prolintane

stychnine

synephrine

Anabolic steroids

androstenediol

androstenedione

boldenone

clostebol

dehydrochlormethyltestosterone

dehydroipiandrosterone (DHEA)

dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

dromostanolone

dromostanolone

epitrenbolone

fluoxymesterone

gestrinone

mesterolone

methandienone

methyltestosterone

nandrolone

norandrostenediol

norandrostenedione

norethandrolone

oxandrolone

oxymesterone

oxymetholone

stanozolol

testosterone

tetrahydrogestrinone (THG)

trenbolone

Street drugs

heroin

marijuana

tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Peptide hormones and analogues

corticotrophin (ACTH)

growth hormone (hGH, somatotrophin)

human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)

insulin like growth factor (IGF-1)

luteinizing hormone (LH)

erythropoietin (EPO)

darbepoetin

sermorelin