London ? Governments helping rebuild Iraq pledged Monday to stay the course, though there were signs of nervousness after terror bombings in Madrid possibly linked to al-Qaida and the defeat of the Spanish government that sent peacekeepers. Only Spain’s newly elected leader said he would withdraw troops.

Britain, which is America’s closest ally and has the second-largest contingent of troops, insisted the coalition must remain committed to bringing stability and democracy to Iraq. So far, no significant opposition party has called for a withdrawal.

Poland, which leads a multinational force in southern Iraq, said a pullout would hand a victory to terrorists. Prime Minister Leszek Miller pledged to stay with the peacekeeping mission despite pressure from opposition lawmakers.

“It would amount to an admission that the terrorists are right and that they are stronger than the whole civilized world,” Miller said.

The European Union, meanwhile, announced it would have high-level security talks Friday in Brussels, Belgium, to assess additional anti-terrorism measures, including a continent-wide intelligence service and a European arrest warrant.

Irish Prime Minister Bertie Ahern said Monday that proposals also would include a “solidarity clause” committing nations to help each other in response to terror attacks, as well as appointment of a security coordinator to oversee counterterrorism measures, improved intelligence sharing and closer cooperation with outside nations to combat terrorism.

In October, Poland and Spain, also a U.S. ally in Iraq, were named as possible targets on a taped message attributed to al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden.

“We reserve the right to respond at the appropriate time and place against all the countries participating in this unjust war (in Iraq), particularly Britain, Spain, Australia, Poland, Japan and Italy,” said the voice on the tape, broadcast on Al-Jazeera.

But British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw said Monday that all countries, not just those who supported the campaign to topple Saddam Hussein, were the targets of terrorists.

Protesters holds up their palms painted white to symbolize clean hands during a demonstration in Alcala de Henares, outside of Madrid, to protest the bombing attacks on trains in the Spanish capital that killed 200 people. The demonstration was Monday.

“We are under a threat from Islamic extremism, and so is almost every other country in the world,” Straw said on British Broadcasting Corp. radio. “No one should believe that somehow if you say ‘I opposed the military action in Iraq,’ that this makes you safer or exempts you as a potential victim.”

Spanish police are investigating whether the coordinated bombings, which killed 200 people and wounded about 1,500, were carried out by Islamic extremists intent on punishing Spain’s support for the U.S.-led war.

Spanish voters on Sunday ousted the conservative government of Jose Maria Aznar, some of them accusing his government of provoking the attacks by backing President Bush.

His successor, Socialist leader Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, on Monday described the war as an “error” and said he would bring 1,300 Spanish peacekeepers home by June 30 unless the United Nations took control in Iraq.

The U.N. Security Council has authorized the current multinational force in which Spain is participating. But there has been no talk of turning that force, which is led by the United States, into a U.N.-controlled peacekeeping force.

The Polish ambassador to NATO, Jerzy Nowak, said he was deeply concerned about a possible Spanish withdrawal, adding it would leave a “terrible loophole” in the multinational force.

In Bulgaria, which lost four citizens in the Madrid bombings, the government insisted it would not pull its 500-member infantry battalion from the southern Iraqi city of Karbala.

“The only policy we can conduct is to fight international terrorism,” Bulgarian Foreign Minister Solomon Pasi said.

In Japan, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi said he foresaw no change in plans to deploy 1,000 Japanese military personnel in the Persian Gulf region to assist in Iraq’s reconstruction.