Tehran, Iran ? Angered by the United States’ labeling of Iran as part of an “axis of evil,” hundreds of thousands of Iranians chanted “Death to America” on Monday during demonstrations to mark the 23rd anniversary of the Islamic Revolution.

The gathering was much larger than last year’s commemorations as Iranians used the occasion to show their anger with President Bush’s condemnation of their country in his State of the Union address. Many Iranians who said they rarely join such celebrations spoke of taking to the streets to show solidarity.

Iranians display anti-U.S. slogans during a rally in central Tehran. Tens of thousands of people took part in activities Monday marking the 23rd anniversary Iran's 1979 revolution. Posters read We

Men, women and children poured into Tehran’s Freedom Square carrying anti-U.S. banners and burning effigies of Uncle Sam.

“This year, despite insults to the great Iranian nation and the trumped-up charges against it, the Iranian nation has commemorated the anniversary of its revolt on a greater scale than before,” President Mohammad Khatami said.

State television reported that millions of people took part in rallies in all major Iranian cities.

Khatami said the United States should understand the message of Iran’s revolution: independence, freedom and an Islamic Republic.

His speech was repeatedly interrupted by chants of “Death to America!” a phrase dating to the days of the 1979 revolution that lost its edge in recent years as the idea of a gradual rapprochement with the United States gained a following among Khatami’s reform-minded supporters.

In Washington, the Bush administration said Monday it would talk to and work with Iranian government officials despite the demonstrations and a suggestion by Khatami blaming U.S. policies for the Sept. 11 attacks. But it demanded that Iran stop sponsoring terror and trying to develop weapons of mass destruction.

“If Iran wants to set a clear course toward the modern world, we’re happy to talk to them, work with them,” State Department spokesman Richard Boucher said.

Warm, cold relations

Early in the U.S. war on terrorism, American officials spoke of better cooperation with Iran after it tacitly approved their campaign to topple the Taliban rulers of Afghanistan. But recently, U.S. officials have accused Tehran of trying to undermine Afghanistan’s new government and of smuggling weapons to the Palestinians. Iran denies the charges.

Last month, President Bush said in his State of the Union address that Iran was part of an “axis of evil” along with Iraq and North Korea because it seeks weapons of mass destruction, an allegation that Iran denies.

Bush also said Iran “exports terror, while an unelected few repress the Iranian people’s hope for freedom.”

Bush’s words have drawn strong condemnation across Iran’s political spectrum. They have pushed the nation’s domestic political troubles a longstanding power struggle between moderate and conservative clerics into the background, at least for now, as people pull together against what was perceived as an unwarranted insult.

Khatami acknowledged there were “many differences” among Iran’s leaders, a reference to the power struggle, but said the country is united in supporting the cause of the 1979 Islamic revolution.

“Let’s not conceal that there are deficiencies and dissatisfaction, but undoubtedly the whole nation is united in supporting the revolution and the path it has chosen,” he said.

The reformist president also suggested U.S. foreign policy bore responsibility for the terror attacks on New York and Washington a widely held view in the region.

“The American people have every right to ask their leaders how long should they pay the price for their faulty policies. What policies and what reasons caused the Sept. 11 attacks?” he said.

In Baghdad, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein said Monday his country opposes any U.S. attack on Iran, adding the U.S. description of Iraq and Iran as part of an “axis of evil” proves the United States considers Muslims and Arabs evil.

Iraq and Iran fought a 1980-88 war and continue to accuse each other of harboring opponents of their respective governments. But Saddam told his Cabinet any harm to Iran and its security negatively affects Iraq, according to the official Iraqi News Agency.

Faithful to revolution

One of those taking part in the demonstration, the chief of the elite revolutionary guards, Gen. Rahim Safavi, told state television: “Today’s rallies are the biggest deterrent to U.S. threats. The people have shown they have remained faithful to the objectives of the revolution.”

The streets were awash in color as people carried placards and balloons in the red, white and green colors of the Iranian flag. Helicopters dropped red flowers over the crowd.

Banners written in Farsi and English read “We still follow the ideals of the Islamic revolution” and “America cannot do a damn thing” a favorite expression of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the spiritual leader of the revolution.

One placard read in English: “Bush is a Dracula.”

“Outside threats only result in greater national unity,” said Zahra Dowlatabadi, a 40-year-old homemaker who said national pride after Bush’s speech led her to attend her first mass demonstration in years.

Monday’s demonstration marked the final day of festivities commemorating the 1979 revolution, which swept the U.S.-backed Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi from power.