The USS Port Royal sits grounded atop a reef about a half-mile south of the Honolulu airport in this Feb. 6 photo. Hawaii plans to take the U.S. Navy to court to seek compensation for coral ruined when the Navy ship ran aground.

Wrecking coral will cost you in Hawaii.

A Maui tour company is paying the state nearly $400,000 for damaging more than 1,200 coral colonies when one of its boats sank at Molokini, a pristine reef and popular diving spot. Another tour operator faces penalties for wrecking coral when it illegally dropped an anchor on a Maui reef.

The state plans to sue the U.S. Navy to seek compensation for coral ruined when a guided missile cruiser the length of two football fields ran aground near Pearl Harbor in February.

The state began issuing fines two years ago as part of its efforts to punish those who damage a resource critical to Hawaii’s fragile environment and tourism, the state’s No. 1 industry.

“People are going to have to be more careful out here, because it if keeps getting damaged, we’re going to lose it,” said Laura Thielen, chairwoman of the state Board of Land and Natural Resources. “We have to take some very strong action or else it’s going to be too late.”

A fragile natural resource

Hawaii is home to 84 percent of all coral under U.S. jurisdiction. About 15 percent of U.S. coral is in state waters surrounding the main Hawaiian islands. Another 69 percent is in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands — a stretch of mostly uninhabited atolls President George W. Bush made a national marine monument in 2006.

Experts say coral reefs in the marine monument are in good shape. But those near population the main Hawaiian island population centers are under pressure from sediment found in runoff, overfishing and invasive algae.

Careless ocean users, who can kill a 500-year-old coral in five minutes, are another danger.

“Each one may be considered fairly small. But when you add them together, then the impact gets to be even greater,” said University of Hawaii coral reef expert Richard Richmond.

From education to fines

The state imposed its first-ever fine for breaking coral in June 2007, when it ordered Lahaina-based tour operator Crystal Seahorse to pay $7,300 for illegally entering a natural area reserve and breaking 11 coral specimens there.

Hawaii had the legal authority to impose such fines before, but instead preferred to simply educate offenders about reefs and have them assist with the cost of restoration. It shifted course after realizing this wasn’t prompting people to take the necessary precautions around coral.

In 2006, Maui Snorkel Charter’s Kai Anela tour boat headed to Molokini with 15 snorkelers and a captain armed with just three days of training. The company tripled the original coral damage area by bungling salvage attempts.

The state’s staff biologist estimates the area will take 80 years to recover.

Maui Snorkel Charters is paying $396,000 in a settlement, with part of the money up front and the rest in installments through 2011. The company apologized, and the Kai Anela is back in service.

Tori Cullins, co-owner of Wild Side Specialty Tours in Waianae, supports fines.

“Unless you hit people in the pocketbook, I don’t think it’s going to matter much,” said Cullins.