Four ills that act as viruses in the life of a congregation, adapted from author Peter Steinke:

Secrecy. Often under the disguise of confidentiality. “A lot of people are saying ” How many is a lot? Two or three? (As an antidote, some congregations won’t even entertain complaints that are anonymous.)

Accusations, either about the pastor, rabbi, congregational leaders or members. Often prove to be unrelated to the real issue or are unfounded.

Lies and rumors. Often used to elicit a defensive response. “I’ve heard this about you (or so-and-so). What do you say about that?”

Triangulation. Instead of Person A talking to Person B about a problem between the two of them, Person A talks to Person C.

Steinke’s books include “Healthy Congregations” and “How Your Church Family Works.”