Kansas City, Mo. ? Students at Belinder Elementary School in the cash-strapped Shawnee Mission School District in suburban Kansas City brought in loose change and the proceeds from lemonade stands earlier this year to help pay the salaries of a nurse, counselor and foreign language teacher.

Parents and the community added to the students’ donations, raising about $78,000 in two weeks. The school was one of six in the district that raised a total of $236,000 to help pay for teaching positions that otherwise would have been reduced to part-time or eliminated entirely as the district addressed a budget shortfall of more than $6 million for the 2002-03 academic year.

“No one would have dreamed that we’d be able to come up with the amount we did,” said Belinder principal Karen Faucher.

Similar fund-raisers have occurred elsewhere in Kansas and around the nation.

It’s a practice that is expected to increase as state legislatures tackle tight budgets. Two-thirds of the states report falling revenues and more than half expect deficits in their fiscal 2003 budgets, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures.

But the practice has been criticized by education groups.

“It says if you live in an affluent area and your parents can afford to donate, then you’re going to get these extras,” said Leslie Getzinger, a spokeswoman for the American Federation of Teachers. “We want to see the system fair and the proper funding for all schools and not create an unfair, inequitable situation.”

Pam Brady, vice president for education for the California State Parent Teacher Assn., said fund raising for school salaries tends to increase when the economy tanks. She expects another burst of activity in coming months as her state slashes spending. California Gov. Gray Davis has proposed $10.2 billion in cuts, including deep reductions in education spending.

Still, Brady questioned the fund-raisers. “If PTAs pick up the deficit,” she said, “when the good times return, what will happen then?”

In Washington state, fund raising for salaries often has filled the gap left when physical education and arts program are cut, said Jean Carpenter, executive director of the state’s Parent Teacher Assn.

With her prize in both arms, Casey Pigott goes to pay for a giant stuffed animal at a yard sale at Briarwood Elementary School in Prairie Village, Kan., in this June 7, 2002, file photo. The yard sale and market were held to raise money to pay salaries for teachers whose positions would otherwise be dropped because of budget cuts.

But she has noticed a worrisome change. Money was raised this year to pay for a teacher’s aide for an elementary school in the suburban Seattle school district of Mercer Island.

“It’s the beginning of what I think is a real frustration in the lack of will to fund education, and I’m hopeful it won’t spread,” she said. “If this trend does continue, it’s going to be totally inequitable for all children. (The quality of education) will depend on where you live and the income level of your PTA and your community.”

In the suburban Portland, Ore., district of Lake Oswego, a district foundation has raised nearly $400,000 during the past three years, to pay salaries for 10 new teachers in their schools. The biggest fund-raiser of the year, says Nancy Duin, district spokeswoman, is a spring phone-a-thon staffed partly by volunteer high school students.

In the Manhattan Beach Unified School District in Los Angeles, a district foundation raised $440,000 this year to help pay for music and art staff. And district PTAs raised an additional $1 million, paying for the bulk of the elementary school’s teacher’s aides.

Supt. Jerry Davis said fund raising gained momentum in the early 1990s as residents grew weary of the state funding roller coaster. “One year a kid gets music, the next year they don’t,” Davis said. “What kind of program is that?”

Davis will be asking for help again as he cuts an expected $1.5 million from the district’s budget this year and about the same amount the next year.

“They’ve always been responsive,” he said of the community, where the average home is worth $900,000.